臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據衛福部統計，臺灣國人十大死因中，即有八項與肥胖相關，並且國人過重及肥胖盛行率逐年提升。近年來，高脂低醣飲食應用於減肥及第二型糖尿病，但其高脂肪比例對身體可能產生負面影響。故本研究探討將幾丁聚醣取代纖維素與魚油取代部分油脂對於高脂低醣飲食脂質代謝之影響。
本次實驗共分為5組，以 35 隻六週齡雄性 Sprague Dawley (SD) 大鼠進行實驗，共分為五組，(1) 正常控制組 (Normal control diet, ND)、(2) 高脂飲食組 (High-fat, HF) (18% lard + 2% Soybean oil)、(3) 高脂低醣組 (High-fat, low carbohydrate diet, LC) (35 % lard + 2% Soybean oil)、(4) 含 5% 幾丁聚醣之高脂低醣組 (LC 以 5% chitosan 取代 cellulose, LC-CH)、(5) 含 5% 幾丁聚醣及 5% 魚油之高脂低醣組 (LC 以 5% chitosan 取代 cellulose ; 5% fish oil 代替部分油脂, LC-CHF ) (30 % lard + 2% Soybean oil + 5% fish oil )實驗進行 15 週，飼養期間均採自由飲食。實驗結果顯示，高脂飲食組肝臟重量最高、高脂低醣組脂肪組織重量最高，而攝取 5% 幾丁聚醣及 5% 魚油顯著降低肥胖大白鼠體重、肝臟重量、脂肪組織重量。在血漿生化值方面，攝取 5% 幾丁聚醣及 5% 魚油顯著降低 ALT、AST 活性、膽固醇含量。在肝臟脂質方面，攝取 5% 幾丁聚醣及 5% 魚油顯著降低與脂肪生成相關酵素 ACC、FAS、HMGCR 活性，使肝臟中膽固醇、三酸甘油酯含量下降，並且經由組織切片觀察之脂肪空泡堆積顯著改善。脂肪組織方面，攝取 5% 幾丁聚醣及 5% 魚油透過提升 HSL 活性和降低 LPL 活性來促進脂解速率，並且從組織切片觀察及流式細胞儀分析發現脂肪細胞面積及粒徑顯著減少。綜上所述，高脂飲食組容易堆積脂肪於肝臟，高脂低醣飲食則容易堆積於脂肪組織，而同時給予高脂低醣飲食餵養之肥胖大鼠可以藉由幾丁聚醣及魚油改善高脂肪比例飲食所產生之負面影響。

According to statistics from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, among the top ten causes of death for Taiwanese nationals, eight are related to obesity. Additionally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the population has been increasing year by year. In recent years, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet has been applied for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management. However, its high fat content may have negative effects on the body. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of replacing cellulose with chitosan and part of fat with fish oil in a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet on lipid metabolism.
Experiment was conducted with 35 six-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, divided into five groups, (1) Normal control diet (ND), (2) High-fat diet (HF) (18% lard + 2% Soybean oil), (3) High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (LC) (35 % lard + 2% Soybean oil), (4) High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with 5% chitosan replacing cellulose (LC-CH), and (5) High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with 5% chitosan replacing cellulose and 5% fish oil replacing some fat (LC-CHF) (30 % lard + 2% Soybean oil + 5% fish oil ). All rats were fed the experimental and drinking water ad libitum for 15 weeks. The results showed that HF group had the highest liver weight, LC group had the highest adipose tissue weight, and consuming 5% chitosan and 5% fish oil significantly reduced body weight, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in obese rats. In plasma, LC-CHF group significantly decreased ALT and AST activities and TNF-α and cholesterol levels. In terms of liver, LC-CHF group significantly reduced the activities of enzymes associated with fat synthesis such as ACC, FAS, and HMGCR, leading to decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. Additionally, observation of liver tissue sections revealed significant improvement in fat vacuole accumulation. Regarding adipose tissue, LC-CHF group promoted lipolysis by increasing HSL activity and decreasing LPL activity, leading to a significant reduction in adipocyte area and diameter as observed from adipose tissue sections and flow cytometry analysis. In summary, high-fat diet easily leads to fat accumulation in the liver, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet tends to accumulate fat in adipose tissue, providing obese rats fed with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with 5% chitosan and 5% fish oil can ameliorate the negative effects of obesity and fatty liver resulting from a high-fat diet.

第壹章、前言 1
第貳章、文獻整理 3
第一節、肥胖症 (Obesity) 3
第二節、高脂低醣飲食 7
第三節、脂質代謝酵素 10
第四節、幾丁質與幾丁聚醣 12
第五節、膳食魚油 16
第參章、實驗設計 18
第一節、實驗動機 18
第二節、實驗流程 19
第三節、分析項目 20
第肆章、實驗材料 21
第一節、實驗動物 21
第二節、實驗飼料 21
第三節、實驗樣品 21
第四節、實驗儀器 22
第伍章、實驗方法 24
第一節、動物分組 24
第二節、動物飼養與樣品收集 24
第三節、飼料配方 25
第四節、樣品分析 26
第陸章、結果 40
第一節 大白鼠之體重變化、攝食量和食物利用率 40
第二節 大白鼠之組織臟器重量 40
第三節 大白鼠之血液生化指標測定 40
第四節 大白鼠之肝臟生化指標測定 41
第五節 大白鼠之脂肪組織之生化指標測定 43
第六節 大白鼠之糞便重量及脂質濃度 44
第柒章、討論 45
第一節 幾丁聚醣與魚油對大白鼠體重、食慾、組織臟器之影響 45
第二節 幾丁聚醣與魚油對大白鼠脂質代謝之影響 46
第三節 幾丁聚醣與魚油對大白鼠肝功能及發炎因子之影響 50
第四節 幾丁聚醣與魚油對大白鼠脂質過氧化之影響 51
第捌章、結論 52
參考文獻 55

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