臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

發炎反應是免疫系統的一種生物反應，嚴重時會導致組織損傷或疾病。當發炎反應時，氧化壓力時常隨之出現，兩者之間具有高度關聯性。因此開發有效抗氧化與抗發炎之天然物具疾病治療之潛力。過去文獻指出，天然物經鍛燒法製備之產物具有良好生物活性，而海藻多醣為現行容易取得且具有多項生理活性之天然物成分。臺灣周圍富含多種海藻，其中包含馬尾藻、石蓴及紫菜，先前文獻指出，馬尾藻、石蓴及紫菜多醣具有抗氧化與抗發炎之功效。本研究採用鍛燒法經 120℃ 至 270℃ 鍛燒 2 小時，製備馬尾藻、石蓴及紫菜粗多醣之鍛燒水溶性產物，並觀察其抗氧化與抗發炎活性。實驗結果顯示，海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物於 1 mg/mL 濃度下能有效提升 DPPH 自由基清除能力和亞鐵離子螯合能力，表明其具有顯著之抗氧化活性。海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物之 DPPH 自由基清除能力在馬尾藻粗多醣經 150℃ 鍛燒處理後達到最佳效果，於 1 mg/mL 濃度下其清除率為 98.48 ± 0.2%。此外，亞鐵離子螯合能力在馬尾藻粗多醣經 270℃ 鍛燒處理後達到最佳效果，於 1 mg/mL 濃度下其螯合能力為 90.61 ± 1.83%。
於 L-929 細胞生物相容性試驗中可以觀察到，海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物於 10 mg/mL 之濃度下不會降低細胞活性。另外以 Raw 264.7 細胞進行抗發炎試驗，實驗結果表明，本研究採用之馬尾藻、石蓴及紫菜粗多醣本身具有免疫刺激活性，能夠提高促發炎細胞激素 TNF-α、IL-1β 及 IL-6 之表現量。經鍛燒處理後，除 120℃ 處理組別外，鍛燒水溶性產物在 1 mg/mL 濃度下能夠顯著降低經 LPS刺激之 Raw 264.7 細胞中促發炎細胞激素表現量，並有效降低NO濃度。TNF-α 之表現量在石蓴粗多醣 180℃ 鍛燒水溶性產物中最低 (3.55 ± 0.57 ng/mL)。IL-1β 之表現量在馬尾藻粗多醣 240℃ 鍛燒水溶性產物中最低 (未檢出)。IL-6 與 NO 之表現量均在馬尾藻粗多醣 270℃ 鍛燒水溶性產物中最低 (0.30 ± 0.02 ng/mL 與 0.32 ± 0.01 mM)。以上結果表明，海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物具有顯著之抗發炎能力。綜上所述，海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物具有抗氧化和抗發炎之活性。

Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system which can lead to tissue damage or disease. There is a high correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress, and both are often responsible for many diseases. Therefore, developing natural substances with effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties holds potential for disease treatment. Many studies have shown dry-heating products prepared from natural substances have excellent biological activities, and algal polysaccharides are easily obtainable natural components with multiple biological activities. Previous studies indicate that polysaccharides from Sargassum, Ulva, and Porphyra possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, dry-heating method was used to prepare the dry-heating products of polysaccharides from Sargassum, Ulva, and Porphyra at temperatures ranging from 120℃ to 270℃ for 2 hours, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. The results showed the dry-heating products at the concentration of 1 mg/mL could effectively enhance DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating ability, promoting the antioxidant activity. Specifically, the DPPH free radical scavenging ability of the Sargassum polysaccharide dry-heating products reached its peak after heated at 150℃, achieving a scavenging rate of 98.48 ± 0.2% at 1 mg/mL. Additionally, the ferrous ion chelating ability of Sargassum polysaccharide dry-heating products was highest after heating at 270℃, with a chelating ability of 90.61 ± 1.83% at 1 mg/mL. In cell viability test with L-929 cells, it was observed no cytotoxicity at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry-heating products were evaluated using Raw 264.7 cells. It was found that algal polysaccharides increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cell cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The dry-heating products at 1 mg/mL could reduce the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. Additionally, the dry-heating products could effectively reduce NO concentration, Specifically, the expression level of TNF-α was lowest in the 180℃ Ulva polysaccharide dry-heating products (3.55 ± 0.57 ng/mL). The expression level of IL-1β was undetectable in the 240℃ Sargassum polysaccharide dry-heating products . The expression levels of IL-6 and NO were both lowest in the 270℃ Sargassum polysaccharide dry-heating products (0.30 ± 0.02 ng/mL and 0.32 ± 0.01 mM). These results indicate the anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, the dry-heating products of algal polysaccharide are potentially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

目錄
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻整理 2
一、發炎作用 (INFLAMMATION) 2
1-1. 簡介 2
1-2. 小鼠巨噬細胞 Raw 264.7 2
1-3. TNF-α 2
1-4. IL-1β 2
1-5. IL-6 3
1-6. 一氧化氮 3
二、氧化壓力 (OXIDATIVE STRESS) 3
2-1. 簡介 3
2-2. 活性氧 3
2-3-1 DPPH 自由基清除能力測定 (DPPH radicals scavenging assay) 4
2-3-2. 亞鐵離子螯合試驗 (Ferrous ion chelating assay) 4
三、大型藻類 (MACROALGAE) 4
3-1. 簡介 4
3-2. 大型藻類之應用 4
3-3. 海藻多醣 5
四、石蓴 (ULVA SP.) 5
4-1. 簡介 5
4-2. 一般成分 5
4-3. 石蓴多醣 5
五、馬尾藻 (SARGASSUM SP.) 6
5-1. 簡介 6
5-2. 一般成分 6
5-3. 馬尾藻多醣 6
六、紫菜 (PORPHYRA SP.) 7
6-1. 簡介 7
6-2. 一般成分 7
6-3. 紫菜多醣 7
七、碳奈米材料 (CARBON NANOMATERIALS) 8
7-1. 簡介 8
7-2. 碳奈米材料之製備 8
7-3. 碳奈米材料之抗氧化與抗發炎功效 8
参、實驗設計 9
9
肆、材料方法 10
一、實驗材料 10
1-1. 原料 10
1-2. 試驗藥品 10
1-3.細胞培養基組成 11
1-4. 儀器設備 11
1-5. 實驗耗材 12
二、實驗方法 14
2-1海藻粗多醣之萃取與製備 14
2-2 海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物之製備 14
2-3 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之成份分析 14
2-4 抗氧化活性分析 (Antioxidant activity) 16
2-5. 細胞實驗 16
2-6. 統計分析 18
伍、結果 19
1. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之製備與成分分析 19
1-1. 海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物之製備 19
1-2. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之官能基分析 19
1-3. 海藻粗多醣之化學組成分析 20
1-4. 海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物之外觀與物理特性 20
2. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之抗氧化能力評估 21
2-1. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之 DPPH 自由基清除能力 21
2-2. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之亞鐵離子螯合能力 21
3. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之生物相容性 22
4. 以細胞模式探討海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之抗發炎能力評估 22
4-1. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之細胞毒性測試 22
4-2. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之促發炎細胞激素含量測定 23
4-3. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之 NO 含量測定 24
陸、討論 26
1. 海藻粗多醣分析 26
2. 海藻粗多醣鍛燒水溶性產物之製備與分析 27
3. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之抗氧化評估 27
4. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之生物相容性 28
5. 海藻粗多醣及其鍛燒水溶性產物之抗發炎評估 29
柒、結論 31
捌、參考文獻 32
玖、實驗圖表 46
拾、附錄 90

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