康氏馬加鰆 (Scomberomorus commerson) 俗稱土魠魚，常被製成炸魚塊或冷凍輪切魚片販售，深受台灣民眾喜愛。然而，經過加工後，判斷魚種變得相當困難，部分業者可能以低價的棘鰆 (Acanthocybium solandri)，仿冒販賣，在台灣棘鰆俗稱為石喬。為判別兩魚種之混用，本研究以粒線體 DNA 進行兩種魚種鑑定，利用引子對 H15504/L14735 增幅兩魚種之 Cyt b (cytochrome b) 部分基因片段約 1,100 bp，經由基因定序，確認本次所採樣 26 件樣品均為目標魚種，並比較一般組成和呈味物質分析比較兩者的差異。結果顯示一般成組成分中，康氏馬加鰆的粗脂肪含量 (9.52%) 高於棘鰆 (1.57%)；水分、蛋白質、灰分則反之。在游離胺基酸方面，棘鰆的組胺酸含量 (784.98 mg/100 g) 和甲肌肽 (218.72 mg/100 g) 分別高於康氏馬加鰆 187.55 mg/100 g 和 66.84 mg/100 g。影響風味之胺基酸麩胺酸，康氏馬加鰆含量 (16.07 mg/100 g) 高於棘鰆 (10.33 mg/100 g)。另外會產生協同作用影響鮮味的核苷酸 AMP 在康氏馬加鰆 (0.918 μmol/g) 高於棘鰆 (0.024 μmol/g)，康氏馬加鰆之脂肪和鮮味呈味物質含量均高於棘鰆，這可能是國人喜好食用康氏馬加鰆之理由。其次隨著海洋污染的議題逐漸重視，重金屬汙染的相關海洋研究一直是長期探討的議題，由於此次兩魚種屬於鯖科 (Scombridae) 魚類之高階掠食性魚類，在重金屬汙染中具有較高的風險，若食用 Hg 含量較高的水產品，則可能造成人類對於的神經系統的破壞、發育遲緩、心血管疾病以及破壞免疫系統等不良影響，特別是對孕婦、育齡婦女、胎兒及幼童影響較為嚴重。因此本次研究測定重金屬種類為 Cu、Zn、As、Ni、Cd、Pb 和 Hg，結果顯示均符合本國之食品汙染物質及毒素衛生標準。並且發現 Hg 濃度均未與魚體長度和重量有顯著相關性。在風險評估的方面，以不同年齡層攝食鯖科魚類估算甲基汞 (methylmercury, MeHg) 之風險性，3-18 歲孩童與 19-49 歲育齡婦女所得的危害商數 (hazard quotient, HQ) 均小於 1，這顯示攝食台灣周邊產之鰆魚並無顯著重金屬的危害性，國人可安心攝食。

Scomberomorus commerson, commonly known as narrow-barred Spanish mackerel or tutuo fish in Taiwan, is often processed into fried fish fillets or frozen fish steaks for sale, enjoying popularity among the Taiwanese population. However, species identification becomes challenging after processing, leading to the fraudulent substitution of the cheaper fish Acanthocybium solandri, known as wahoo. This study utilizes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to identify fish species. The primer pair H15504 and L14735 amplify cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene fragment of approximately 1,100 bp from the two fish species. Gene sequencing confirms that all 26 samples collected in this study belong to the targeted species, and a comparison of proximate compositions and taste compounds is conducted to assess their differences. The results reveal that, in terms of proximate compositions, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel has a higher crude fat content (9.52%) than wahoo (1.57%). Conversely, moisture, protein, and ash contents exhibit the opposite pattern. Regarding free amino acids, wahoo shows higher levels of histidine (784.98 mg/100 g) and anserine (218.72 mg/100 g) compared to narrow-barred Spanish mackerel 187.55 mg/100 g and 66.84 mg/100 g, respectively. Glutamic acid is higher in narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (16.07 mg/100g) than wahoo (10.33 mg/100 g). Additionally, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which enhances freshness, is higher in narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (0.918 μmol/g) than in wahoo (0.024 μmol/g). The higher fat and umami flavor compounds in narrow-barred Spanish mackerel may contribute to its preference among the Taiwanese population.
Heavy metals are recognized as significant marine pollutants. Both fish species belong to the Scombridae family and are high-order predatory fish, posing a higher risk of heavy metal contamination. Consumption of seafood with high mercury (Hg) content may impact human neurodevelopment, cardiovascular health, and the immune system, especially among sensitive populations such as pregnant women and children. Therefore, this study also investigates the level of heavy metals, including Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg. The results show that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Hg in both fish species comply with sanitation standards for contaminants and toxins in food. Moreover, mercury concentrations show no significant correlation with fish length and weight. Risk assessment estimates the hazard quotient (HQ) of methylmercury (MeHg) intake from Scombridae fish among different age groups, with children aged 3-18 and women of childbearing age (19-49) having HQ values < 1, indicating no apparent risk associated with consuming Scombridae produced around Taiwan, and can be considered safe for the population.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
壹、 文獻整理 1
一、鰆魚漁獲狀況與鯖科魚類簡介 2
二、魚種鑑定 3
三、魚肉之化學組成 5
四、重金屬之簡介 8
五、各國重金屬之安全規範 10
貳、 研究內容 13
第一章、 康氏馬加鰆與棘鰆之魚種鑑定和一般組成及呈味成分分析 14
一、前言 14
二、材料與方法 15
三、結果 21
四、討論 23
五、圖表 25
第二章、 康氏馬加鰆與棘鰆之重金屬含量檢測與攝食暴露評估 37
一、前言 37
二、材料與方法 38
三、結果 41
四、討論 43
五、圖表 45
參、總結論 56
參考文獻 57
謝辭 66

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