臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

流行性感冒病毒 (Influenza virus) 每年造成全球性大流行，具有高發病率及死亡率。目前接種流感疫苗為國際公認預防流感最有效的方法，但近年來出現抗藥性病毒株，使得需要去開發新的抗病毒藥劑。先前研究指出海木耳 (Sarcodia montagneana) 熱水萃取物具有抗腫瘤、降血脂、血糖及免疫調節等功效。因此本研究將探討海木耳萃取物對於A型流感病毒感染之保護效果。結果顯示海木耳萃取物具有抗氧化能力，於細胞模式下利用犬腎細胞 (Madin-Darby canine kidney cell, MDCK) 進行評估，顯示出海木耳萃取物於預防條件下，對於病毒感染所引起的病毒斑及細胞病變現象皆具有改善之效果，且海木耳乙醇萃取物能顯著降低病毒於胞內複製之基因表現量。另一方面海木耳萃取物能顯著降低脂多醣誘導小鼠巨噬細胞 (RAW264.7) 之NO生成量。動物模式之結果顯示海木耳萃取物對於BALB/c感染小鼠之存活率、體重損失率及健康指數無顯著改善效果。以Real-time PCR及組織病理學分析，結果顯示餵食海木耳熱水萃取物之感染小鼠，肺組織中病毒基因之表現量顯著降低，且由病毒感染所引起之肺浮腫情形亦減輕。更進一步分析得知餵食海木耳萃取物會使感染小鼠肺組織中IL-6及TNF-α基因表現量降低，其血液中抗原表現量亦降低。綜合以上結果，海木耳萃取物於細胞模式下對於A型流感病毒感染具有保護之效果，並於動物模式下可以抑制感染小鼠發炎細胞激素之表現及改善肺損傷之情形，但對於感染小鼠之保護效果有限，故未來可更進一步開發搭配海木耳萃取物的抗病毒藥劑，以提升抗病毒之效果。

Influenza viruses cause worldwide outbreaks every year with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, vaccination is recognized as a most effective method for preventing influenza. However, drug-resistant strains have emerged in recent years, so there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral agents. Previous studies had indicated that Sarcodia montagneana hot water extracts had anti-tumor effects, lower blood lipids effects, lower blood glucose effects, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we studied the protective effect of Sarcodia montagneana extracts on influenza A virus infection. The results showed that Sarcodia montagneana extract had antioxidant activity. In vitro, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) were used to evaluate in this study. The results showed that Sarcodia montagneana extract had an improved effect on viral plaques and cytopathic effect that caused by virus infection under pre-treatment conditions. Sarcodia montagneana ethanol extracts could significantly reduce the viral gene expression level in the intracellular. On the other hand, Sarcodia montagneana extracts could significantly reduce NO production by lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage cells (RAW264.7). In vivo, Sarcodia montagneana extracts had no significant improvement in the survival rate, weight loss, and health score of BALB/c-infected mice. The result of real-time PCR and histopathologic analysis showed that Sarcodia montagneana water extracts could significantly reduce the viral gene expression level and mitigate viral pneumonia in lung tissue of infected mice. Moreover, Sarcodia montagneana extracts reduced the gene expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue of infected mice, and also decreased antigen expression level in the blood tissue of infected mice. Overall, Sarcodia montagneana extracts has a protective effect against influenza A virus infection in vitro, and it can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mitigate viral pneumonia in lung tissue of infected mice in vivo. But the protective effect on infected mice is limited, so it can be further developed with Sarcodia montagneana extracts antiviral agents to enhance the anti-influenza effect.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章、緒論 1
壹、流感病毒 (Influenza virus) 1
一、流感病毒之流行病學 1
二、流感病毒之流行史 1
三、流感病毒之簡介 2
四、流感病毒之生活史 3
五、流感病毒之致病機制 4
六、流感病毒感染後之免疫反應 4
七、流感病毒之臨床病徵 5
八、流感病毒之變異 5
九、流感病毒之預防與治療 5
貳、藻類 (Algae) 7
一、海藻 (Seaweed) 7
二、鹿角菜膠 (Carrageenan) 8
三、海木耳 (Sarcodia montagneana) 9
參、實驗目的 11
肆、實驗架構 12
一、海木耳萃取物之成分及特性分析 12
二、細胞實驗 (In vitro) 12
三、動物實驗 (In vivo) 13
第二章、材料與方法 14
壹、實驗材料 14
一、樣品原料以及萃取用有機溶劑 14
二、樣品成分分析 14
三、抗氧化試驗 14
四、細胞株 15
五、病毒株 15
六、細胞培養之培養基 15
七、細胞存活率試劑 15
八、病毒斑試驗 15
九、RNA萃取套組 15
十、反轉錄反應試劑 15
十一、即時定量聚合酶鏈鎖反應試劑 16
十二、一氧化氮試驗 16
十三、實驗動物 16
十四、酵素免疫分析套組 16
十五、組織切片 16
貳、儀器設備 17
參、實驗方法 18
一、實驗樣品製備 18
二、海木耳之成分及特性分析 18
三、細胞實驗 (In vitro) 20
四、動物實驗 (In vivo) 25
第三章、結果 28
壹、海木耳萃取物之成分及特性分析 28
一、海木耳萃取物之萃取率及分子量分布 28
二、海木耳萃取物之總醣、總酚及硫酸根含量 28
三、海木耳熱水萃取物之單醣比例 28
四、海木耳萃取物之抗氧化能力 28
貳、海木耳萃取物於細胞模式下抗A型流感病毒 (H1N1) 感染 29
一、海木耳萃取物對於MDCK細胞之細胞毒性 29
二、海木耳萃取物抑制H1N1之病毒斑生成 29
三、海木耳萃取物抑制H1N1感染所造成之細胞病變現象 29
四、海木耳萃取物降低胞內H1N1之NP基因表現 29
五、海木耳萃取物對於RAW264.7細胞之細胞毒性 30
六、海木耳萃取物之抗發炎分析 30
參、海木耳萃取物於動物模式下抗A型流感病毒 (H1N1) 感染 31
一、海木耳萃取物對於感染H1N1小鼠之存活率及體重變化率影響 31
二、海木耳萃取物對於感染H1N1小鼠之健康指數影響 31
三、海木耳萃取物對於感染H1N1小鼠之白血球濃度影響 31
四、海木耳萃取物降低感染小鼠肺組織中H1N1之NP基因表現 31
五、海木耳萃取物影響感染H1N1小鼠肺組織中細胞激素基因表現 32
六、海木耳萃取物影響感染H1N1小鼠血液中細胞激素抗原表現 32
七、海木耳萃取物降低感染H1N1小鼠肺組織之損傷情形 32
第四章、討論 33
壹、海木耳萃取物之成分及特性分析 33
貳、探討海木耳萃取物於細胞模式下抗A型流感病毒 (H1N1) 感染 35
參、探討海木耳萃取物於動物模式下抗A型流感病毒 (H1N1) 感染 37
一、海木耳萃取物對於H1N1感染小鼠之影響 37
二、海木耳萃取物對於H1N1感染小鼠肺損傷情形之影響 38
第五章、結論 40
第六章、參考文獻 41
第七章、圖表 48

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