臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　為提升活魚運輸存活率，以有抗發炎、抗菌及抗氧化能力之植物萃取物，製成滴劑 (drops) 以降低魚隻運輸緊迫。本研究應用含有多酚與異黃酮，有抗氧化、抗發炎與抗緊迫功效之闊葉大豆屬一條根 (Glycine tomentella Hayata) 萃取物 (GTE)，及含有紅景天苷與對酪醇，具有抗疲勞、抗緊迫、與心臟保護功能之紅景天 (Rhodiola rosea) 萃取物 (RRE)，試以 RRE 之增加環境適應能力輔助，使GTE 之抗運輸緊迫功效提升，達到複方滴劑一加一大於二的效果。
　　一條根萃取物 (GTE) 每克含有 50.84 ± 4.93 mg 沒食子酸當量(gallic acid equivalent, GAE) 總多酚及 6.64 ± 0.02 mg 槲皮素當量(quercetin equivalent, QE)之總黃酮，而每克紅景天萃取物 (RRE) 所含之多酚含量為 221.58 ± 14.99 mg/QE，紅景天苷 (salidroside) 含量為 21.94 ± 1.34 mg、對酪醇 (p-tyrosol) 為 7.31 ± 0.34 mg。
　　以錦鯉 (Cyprinus carpio koi) 做 60 小時模擬運輸，添加 RRE 250 ppb 組存活率為 100 %，高於 125 ppb RRE或 GTE 125 ppb 組，分別為 77% 與 80% 及控制組 53%，其包裝水質總生菌數顯著低於控制組，鰓部組織未出現病變、細胞增生與瘀血，血球參數顯著低於控制組，皆顯示 RRE 作為抗運輸緊迫滴劑之濃度為 250 ppb 較 125 ppb 為佳。
　　添加 GTE (125 ppb) 與 RRE (250 ppb)之複方滴劑組錦鯉存活時間 (56.00 ± 12.17 h) 顯著的長於控制組 (36.67 ± 4.16 h)，且顯著的降低水中氨濃度，水質惡化較慢，血液氧濃度與氧合紅血球含量顯著較控制組高，鰓部細胞與黏液增生較控制組為少，顯示使用 GTE 與 RRE 複方滴劑確實具有抗運輸緊迫增加活魚運輸時間的功效。
關鍵字：一條根、紅景天、錦鯉、抗緊迫、運輸緊迫、血氧、水中溶氧

Natural plant extract had been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidative activities which can reduce transport stress. Glycine tomentella Hayata have good anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects. On the other hand, Rhodiola rosea contained salidroside, p-tyrosol, was reported with the anti-fatigue, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and heart protection capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the anti-stress effect of R. rosea extract (REE) and G. tomentella Hayata extract (GTE) mixture drop during simulated transport.
GTE had 50.84 ± 4.93 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) total polyphenol and 6.64 ± 0.02 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) total flavonoids per gram of extract. RRE had 221.58 ± 14.99 mg/GAE total polyphenol per gram of extract. RRE had 21.94 ± 1.34 μg salidroside and 7.31 ± 0.34 μg p-tyrosol per milligram extract.
After simulated transport for 60 hours, the survival rate in RRE 250 ppb group is 100% and is higher than RRE 125 ppb (77%), GTE 125 ppb (80%) and control (53%) groups. In addition, the water qualities of RRE 250 ppb group was the best with significantly lower total ammonia nitrogen, conductivity, suspended solids and total plate count. Moreover, the gill tissue histological structure of the koi treated with RRE 250 ppb was similar to healthy koi, RRE 250 ppb group had significant lower hematological parameters than control group. Thus, the best concentration of RRE for anti-stress as 250 ppb.
The koi treated with REE and GTE drop had the longest survival time(56.00 ± 12.17 h) and was significantly longer than control group (36.67 ± 4.16 h).The water qualities of the mixture drop was better than control group with significantly lower total ammonia nitrogen. No matter which kind of extract drops was added, less proliferation of gill cell and mucus than control group were observed, which confirmed the anti-stress effect of the extracts. Moreover, the mixture drop group had the highest blood PO2 and concentration of Oxy-Hb, significantly higher than control group.

目錄
壹、 前言 1
貳、 文獻整理 3
一、 觀賞魚與活魚運輸 3
1. 觀賞水族產業概況 3
2. 錦鯉 4
3. 活魚運輸 4
二、 魚類緊迫反應 8
三、 金門一條根 11
1. 機能性成分 12
2. 生理功效 12
3. 抗魚隻緊迫 13
4. 安全性評估 14
四、 紅景天 14
1. 機能性成分 14
2. 生理功效 15
3. 作為適應原 (Adaptogen) 16
4. 抗菌活性 17
5. 安全性評估 17
參、 實驗架構 18
肆、 材料與方法 21
一、 材料 21
1. 錦鯉 21
2. 一條根 (Glycine tomentella Hayata) 21
3. 紅景天 (Rhodiola rosea) 21
二、 方法 21
1. 模擬運輸 21
2. 萃取液製備 22
3. 機能性成分分析 23
4. 水質測定 24
5. 血液生理生化測定 25
6. 鰓組織型態 27
7. 統計分析 28
伍、 結果與討論 29
一、 滴劑製備與機能性成分 29
1. 滴劑製備 29
2. 機能性成分 29
二、 紅景天滴劑之最適抗錦鯉運輸緊迫濃度 34
1. 存活率與水質參數 34
2. 鰓組織型態 40
3. 血液與血球參數 43
三、 一條根、紅景天複方滴劑抗錦鯉運輸緊迫之功效 45
1. 水質與存活時間 45
2. 鰓組織型態 50
3. 血液與血球參數 52
陸、 結論 55
柒、 參考文獻 56

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