臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為模擬錦鯉業者包裝及運輸 48 小時之方式，探討存活率達 100% 的包裝密度與使用抗緊迫天然滴劑的效果，以 90、120、150 g/L 包裝密度之存活率測得錦鯉存活率 50% 為包裝密度為130 g/L，探討加入 GTE (Root extract of Glycine tomentella Hayata, GTE) 滴劑 125、250、500 μg/L，其存活率皆可達 100%，高於添加商業使用之丁香油 (100 μL/L) 的存活率 (66.7 %)；添加 GTE 滴劑可提升水中溶氧、降低導電度及濁度，錦鯉血糖顯著 (p < 0.05) 低於控制組，GTE 250 ppb、500 ppb 組錦鯉紅血球數 (RBC) 及血比容積 (Hct) 可顯著 (p < 0.05) 低於丁香油組，但鰓組織切片於丁香油組之鰓瓣融合呈棍棒狀，而GTE 250 及 500 ppb 組鰓組織上皮細胞及鰓瓣間細胞有增生的現象，GTE 125 ppb 組則無，故錦鯉包裝運輸試驗中可添加 GTE滴劑 125 ppb 來抗運輸緊迫。GTE 的機能性成分以總多酚類及總類黃酮為主，GTE滴劑儲藏 52 個月後總多酚類 (44.6%) 的含量下降較總類黃酮 (7.3%) 多，總多酚類可作為製造一條根滴劑之品管指標，530 ppm 的 GTE 滴劑在常溫保存 23 個月可維持指標成分 80%；比較 42 小時常溫攪拌萃取及 4 小時加熱迴流萃取僅相差 1.56%，若考量安全及能源損耗，工廠量產時可使用常溫攪拌萃取。

Stress cause death of live fish during transport. The aim of this study was to increase stress tolerance for Cyprinus carpio koi by adding Glycine tomentella root extract (GTE) as a natural anti-stress drops during transport. Biochemical indices : cortisol, glucose, hematological indices : erythrocyte count (RBC)、hematocrit (HCT)、hemoglobin (Hb) were measured and the histological structure of the gill tissue was examined under simulated commercail transportation of koi to determine the optimum anti-stress GTE drop. The effects of loading density of koi during 48 hours simulated transport in 90 g/L, 120 g/L and 150 g/L loading density showed survival rate of 100%, 70% and 7%, respectively. Thus, a loading density of 130 g/L corresponding to a 50% of survival rate was used for the following experiments with or without the addition of different drops of anti-stress adaptogen during transport. The survival rates were 100 % when GTE was added at 125 ppb, 250 ppb or 500 ppb being higher than the clove oil (100 μL/L) group (66.7%). GTE group showed a significant increase in dissolved oxygen, and decreased conductivity and turbidity. In hematological indices, the RBC and Hct values of clove oil group were significantly higher than the GTE 250 ppb and GTE 500 ppb groups. In the biochemical indices, the content of blood glucose in the GTE groups were significantly lower than the control group. The histological structure of the gill tissue of koi showed lub-shape in the clove oil group; while lifting of epithelial cell and proliferation of interlamella cell of gill tissue in GTE 250 ppb and 500 ppb groups were observed. The gill structure of the GTE 125 ppb group appeared healthy. In conclusion, GTE (125 ppb) lowered the transport stress in koi. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids were analyzed as indicators for the quality control of GTE drop. The validity period of the GTE group stored in a stock solution of 530 ppm at room temperature was 23 months. The difference of total polyphenols between refluxing for 4 hours and soaking-stirring extraction at room temperature for 42 hours was 1.56%. Thus, we recommend extraction of Glycine tomentella root at ambient temperature for industrial process.

壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 2
一、觀賞魚活魚運輸 2
1. 觀賞水族產業概況 2
2. 錦鯉的生態 3
3. 臺灣錦鯉業者現況 4
4. 包裝運輸之水質管理 5
5. 水質維護 6
二、魚類緊迫之生理變化 8
1. 初級反應 neuro-endocrine responses 9
2. 二級反應 physiological responses 9
3. 三級反應 behavioral responses 9
三、金門一條根成份與功效 10
1. 機能性成分 10
2. 生理功效 11
3. 闊葉大豆一條根之安全性評估試驗 13
參、實驗架構 14
一、 金門一條根萃取液製程及機能性成份分析 14
二、 金門一條根萃取液對錦鯉運輸中抗緊迫之影響 15
肆、材料方法 16
一、錦鯉 16
1. 馴養 16
2. 錦鯉模擬運輸試驗 (48 hour) 16
二、金門一條根 17
1. 一條根萃取液製備 17
2. 機能性成份分析 18
三、水質測定 18
1. 溫度、溶氧量 18
2. pH值 18
3. 總氨含量 18
4. 導電度 (electrical conductivity, E.C) 19
5. 濁度 19
6. 生菌數 19
四、錦鯉生理生化變化之測定 20
1. 外觀及存活率 20
2. 錦鯉血液參數及生化指標 20
3. 錦鯉組織型態 22
五、統計分析 22
伍、結果與討論 23
一、包裝模式確認 23
1. 錦鯉業者之包裝密度 23
二、包裝密度對模擬運輸 48 小時後錦鯉死亡率之影響 24
1. 水質之變化 24
2. 血液參數及生化指標 26
3. 鰓組織形態 31
4. 緊迫模式的確立 36
三、添加滴劑對錦鯉運輸緊迫之影響 37
1. 外觀與行為 37
2. 包裝 48 小時後之水質 38
3. 紅血球參數 40
四、金門一條根滴劑濃度對錦鯉運輸緊迫之效果 41
1. 包裝 48 小時後之水質 41
2. 外觀與行為 43
3. 血液參數及生化指標 43
4. 鰓組織形態 48
五、金門一條根機能性成分 52
1. 總多酚類與總類黃酮含量 52
2. 總多酚類與總類黃酮含量之比較 53
3. 常溫攪拌萃取 53
陸、結論 55
柒、參考文獻 56

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