本研究目的為利用石蓴、龍鬚菜、與馬尾藻經熱酸、市售酵素、與海藻多醣誘導之 Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103 (MA103) 與 Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF108 (MAEF108) 所產多重粗酵素液依序水解，經 Cupriavidus necator BCRC 13036 與 Azohydromonas lata BCRC 15440 發酵生產生物可分解性聚羥基丁酸酯 (Polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB) 之探討。在相同電量消耗下，海藻粉末 10% (w/v) 以 0.4 N HCl 於 121oC 下進行熱酸萃取 30 min 後，石蓴、龍鬚菜、與馬尾藻之還原糖產率分別為 34.05%、31.29%、與 18.18%。MA103 與 MAEF108 以石蓴熱萃多醣液結合石蓴熱酸萃多醣液之人工海水培養基 (AM-Ulv-AP) 進行粗酵素之誘導反應，以額外添加脫脂大豆粉之組別於第 3 天可得到5.65 U 之澱粉酶與 0.26 U 聚木糖酶酵素活性。C. necator BCRC 13036 於含有 2% (w/v) 果糖之無機鹽培養基發酵 7 後，於第 7 天可得到 6.17 g/L 之 PHB (占細胞乾重的 83.39%)；A. lata BCRC 15440 以 2% (w/v) 葡萄糖為碳源，於發酵第 5 天發酵液中之 PHB 濃度為 5.93 g/L (占細胞乾重的 71.78%)。在不同氮源測試中，水解製程 A 以 10% 石蓴粉末經 0.4 N HCl、121oC、30 min 處理後，添加 7,600 U 纖維素酶與 MMB-UlvMA103 及 MMB-UlvMAEF108 粗酵素液水解，發酵 3天後，C. necator BCRC 13036 控制組之發酵液中可得到 0.42 g/100 g 之 PHB 產率，A. lata BCRC 15440 以添加 0.1% (w/v) Yeast extract 之發酵液中可得到 1.01 g/100 g 之 PHB 產率。C. necator BCRC 13036 與 A. lata BCRC 15440 以水解製程 A 之石蓴多醣水解液生產 PHB 之最適發酵條件測試結果，以 3% (v/v) 接種量、起始 pH 7.00、26oC、與振盪培養 (150 rpm) 所產 PHB 之產率較佳。水解製程 A 所得之石蓴多醣水解液，於最適發酵條件下批式發酵 7 天，C. necator BCRC 13036 於發酵第 3 天時可得到 1.26 g/100 g 之 PHB 產率 (占細胞乾重的 59.57%)；A. lata BCRC 15440 於發酵第 2 天時 PHB 產率為 1.22 g/100 g (占細胞乾重的 58.36%)。水解製程 B 以 AM-Ulv-APMA103 與 AM-Ulv-APMAEF108 取代製程 A 之粗酵素液，於最適發酵條件下發酵 7 天，C. necator BCRC 13036 發酵第 3 天時 PHB 產率為 1.35 g/100 g (占細胞乾重 61.13%)；A. lata BCRC 15440 於發酵第 2 天時 PHB 產率為 1.20 g/100 g (占細胞乾重 60.90%)。水解製程 C 以 5% 石蓴粉末經 0.4 N HCl、121oC、20 min 處理後，增加市售酵素添加量與 MMB-UlvMA103 及 MMB-UlvMAEF108 粗酵素液水解，C. necator BCRC 13036 於發酵第 4 天時 PHB 產率為 3.52 g/100 g (占細胞乾重 54.33%)；A. lata BCRC 15440 於發酵第 3 天PHB 產率為 8.60 g/100 g (占細胞乾重 85.39%)。C. necator BCRC 13036 與 A. lata BCRC 15440 分別發酵 3 天與 2 天後，以水解製程 B 之石蓴多醣水解液為基質可得到 PHB 重量平均分子量分別為 1,008 與 180 kDa，聚合物分散指數 (Polydispersity index, PDI) 分別為 3.69 與 1.64。

目錄 I
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
附錄目錄 XI
摘要 XII
Abstract XIII
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻整理 3
一、石化塑膠之概述 3
二、可分解性塑膠 3
2-1. 可分解塑膠 3
2-2. 生物可分解塑膠 5
2-2-1. 生物可分解塑膠之特性 5
三、聚羥基烷酯類 6
3-1. 聚羥基烷酯類之歷史簡介 6
3-2. 聚羥基烷酯類之組成與結構 6
3-3. 聚羥基烷酯類之生產 7
3-3-1. 生產微生物之介紹 8
3-3-2. 低廉碳源之利用 9
3-4. 聚羥基烷酯類之特性 9
3-4-1. 生物可分解性 (Biodegradability) 9
3-4-2. 生物相容性 (Biocompatibility) 10
3-4-3. 不依賴石化工業 10
3-4-4. 封閉的碳循環 11
3-5. 聚羥基烷酯類之應用 11
3-6. 聚羥基烷酯類之檢測方法 12
3-7. 聚羥基烷酯類之分離純化 13
3-8. 生物聚合物市場趨勢 15
四、海藻 16
4-1. 石蓴 16
4-1-1. 石蓴之介紹 16
4-1-2. 石蓴之組成成分 17
4-2. 馬尾藻 17
4-2-1. 馬尾藻之介紹 17
4-2-2. 馬尾藻之組成成分 18
4-3. 龍鬚菜 18
4-3-1. 龍鬚菜之介紹 18
4-3-2. 龍鬚菜之組成成分 18
五、海藻多醣 19
5-1. 海藻多醣之介紹 19
5-2. 海藻多醣之萃取 19
六、發酵方式 20
6-1. 批次發酵 20
6-2. 饋料批次發酵 20
6-3. 連續式發酵 20
參、實驗設計 22
肆、實驗材料與方法 23
一、實驗材料 23
1-1. 原料 23
1-2. 實驗菌株 23
1-2-1. 海藻降解酵素生產菌株 23
1-2-2. 產聚羥基烷酯類菌株 23
1-3. 試驗藥品 23
1-3-1. 藥品 23
1-3-2. 酵素 25
1-3-3. 培養基組成 25
1-3-4. 還原糖量反應試劑 28
1-3-5. 總糖量反應試劑 28
1-3-6. 酵素反應基質 28
1-3-6-1. 洋菜酶反應基質 28
1-3-6-2. 澱粉酶反應基質 28
1-3-6-3. 纖維素酶反應基質 29
1-3-6-4. 紅藻膠酶反應基質 29
1-3-6-5. 聚木糖酶反應基質 29
1-3-6-6. 褐藻膠裂解酶反應基質 29
1-3-6-7. 岩藻糖苷酶反應基質 29
1-4. 儀器設備 29
二、實驗方法 31
2-1. 海藻粉末之一般成份分析 31
2-1-1. 水分含量 31
2-1-2. 灰分含量 31
2-1-3. 粗蛋白含量 31
2-1-4. 粗脂肪含量 32
2-2. 海藻以不同熱酸萃取製程預處理 32
2-2-1. 海藻粉末最適熱酸萃取條件 32
2-2-2. 海藻粉末最適熱酸萃取溫度及時間 32
2-3. 海藻粉末誘導 MA103 與 MAEF108 粗酵素液 33
2-3-1. 菌株保存 33
2-3-2. 菌株活化 33
2-3-3. 海藻粉末誘導之粗酵素液製備 33
2-3-3-1. 海藻粉末以 MMB 誘導 MA103 與 MAEF108 之粗酵素液製備 33
2-3-3-2. 石蓴熱萃多醣液以 AM medium 誘導 MA103 與 MAEF108 之粗酵素液製備 34
2-3-3-3. 石蓴熱酸萃多醣液以 AM medium 誘導 MA103 與 MAEF108 之粗酵素液製備 34
2-3-3-4. 石蓴熱萃多醣液結合石蓴熱酸萃多醣液以 AM medium 誘導 MA103 與 MAEF108 之粗酵素液製備 34
2-3-4. 酵素活性測定方法 35
2-3-4-1. 洋菜酶活性測定 35
2-3-4-2. 澱粉酶活性測定 35
2-3-4-3. 纖維素酶活性測定 35
2-3-4-4. 紅藻膠酶活性測定 36
2-3-4-5. 聚木糖酶活性測定 36
2-3-4-6. 褐藻膠裂解酶酵素活性測定 36
2-3-4-7. 岩藻糖苷酶活性測定 37
2-4. 海藻熱酸萃取多醣水解液之製備 37
2-5. 電透析 38
2-6. 產 PHB 菌株之特性 38
2-6-1. 菌株保存 38
2-6-2. 菌株活化 39
2-6-3. 醣類利用性 39
2-6-4. 耐鹽性試驗 39
2-6-5. 耐糖性試驗 39
2-6-6. 二株產 PHB 菌株以最適簡單醣類之批式發酵 40
2-6-7. 尼羅紅 (Nile red) 染色 40
2-7. 三種海藻多醣水解液之最適氮源探討 40
2-8. 石蓴多醣水解液 (製程 A) 最適發酵條件探討 40
2-8-1. 最適接種菌量 40
2-8-2. 最適發酵之 pH 值 41
2-8-3. 最適發酵溫度 41
2-8-4. 最適發酵振盪培養轉速 41
2-9. 不同製程之石蓴多醣水解液批式發酵探討 41
2-10. 分析方法 42
2-10-1. 總糖量測定 42
2-10-2. 還原糖量測定 42
2-10-3. 細胞乾重測定 42
2-10-4. PHB 含量測定 42
2-10-5. PHB 之萃取及分子量測定 43
2-10-6. 薄層色層分析 (TLC) 43
2-10-7. 高壓液相層析 (HPLC) 43
三、統計分析 44
伍、結果與討論 45
一、海藻粉末之一般成分分析 45
二、海藻以不同熱酸萃取製程預處理 45
三、石蓴粉末誘導 P. vesicularis MA103 與 A. salmonicida MAEF108 粗酵素活性分析 46
四、海藻多醣水解液 (製程 A) 之製備 47
五、二株產 PHB 菌株之醣類利用性、耐鹽與耐糖性試驗 48
5-1. 醣類利用性試驗 48
5-2. 耐鹽性試驗 49
5-3. 耐糖性試驗 50
六、PHB 菌株以三種海藻多醣水解液 (製程 A) 之最適氮源探討 50
七、PHB 菌株以石蓴多醣水解液 (製程 A) 之最適發酵條件探討 51
7-1. 石蓴多醣水解液之最適接種量探討 51
7-2. 石蓴多醣水解液之最適起始 pH 值探討 52
7-3. 石蓴多醣水解液之最適溫度探討 53
7-4. 石蓴多醣水解液之最適振盪培養轉速探討 53
八、不同製程之石蓴多醣水解液批式發酵探討 54
8-1. 石蓴多醣水解液 (製程 A) 批式發酵探討 54
8-2. 石蓴多醣水解液 (製程 B) 批式發酵探討 54
8-3. 石蓴多醣水解液 (製程 C) 批式發酵探討 55
九、尼羅紅染色 56
十、不同培養基質所產 PHB 之分子量分析 56
十一、水解液製程之醣類組成薄層色層 (TLC) 分析 57
十二、水解液製程之殘糖高效能液相層析 (HPLC) 分析 59
陸、結論 62
柒、參考文獻 63
捌、實驗圖表 80
玖、附錄 135

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