臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目次
摘要 I
Abstract II
目次 III
表目次 VI
圖目次 VI
附表目次 VII
附圖目次 VII
壹、 前言 1
貳、 研究動機與目的 3
參、 文獻回顧 4
一、 麴菌屬簡介 4
(一) 起源 4
(二) 和食品間的關係 4
二、 黃麴毒素 (Aflatoxin, AF) 4
(一) 起源及產毒菌株 4
(二) 黃麴毒素結構 5
(三) 黃麴毒素對人體影響 6
三、 黃麴毒素分析技術 6
(一) 薄層層析 7
(二) 高效液相層析法 7
(三) 液相層析串聯質譜法 8
(四) 酵素連結免疫吸附法 8
四、 法規容許量 9
五、 台灣官方之調查結果 9
六、 減毒防治 10
(一) 物理性 10
(二) 化學性 10
(三) 生物性 10
七、 辣椒 11
(一) Capsicum spp. 11
(二) 辣椒保健功能 12
(三) 辣椒加工 12
(四) 台灣辣椒 13
肆、 材料與方法 15
一、 實驗材料 15
(一) 測試樣品 15
(二) 標準品 15
(三) 藥品材料 16
(四) 儀器裝置及設備 16
(五) 層析管柱 17
(六) 藥品配製 17
二、 實驗架構 19
三、 實驗方法 20
(一) 辣椒粉樣品製備 20
(二) 萃取溶劑、濃度之測試 20
(三) 高效液相層析儀之分析條件建立 20
(四) 不同類型基質之添加回收率測試 24
(五) 公告方法之檢測 (部授食字第1041901616號) 24
(六) 液相層析串聯質譜儀分析方法設定 25
伍、 結果與討論 27
一、 不同濃度萃取溶劑之萃取效果探討 27
二、 測試方法確認 27
(一) 專一性 27
(二) 檢量線之線性 27
(三) 準確度及精密度分析 28
(四) 定量極限及偵測極限測試 28
(五) 與公告方法效果比較 28
(六) 使用改良方法執行fapas樣品 (T04286) 測試 30
三、 不同類型基質之添加回收率探討 30
四、 市售調查結果 30
(一) 改良方法前處理執行 31
(二) 公告方法前處理執行 31
(三) 以LC – MS / MS進行確認 31
五、 討論 32
陸、 結論 35
柒、 參考文獻 36

表目次
表 一、以HPLC - FLD分析黃麴毒素之線性範圍、滯留時間、偵測極限及定量極限 43
表 二、以80 % ACN萃取經HPLC - FLD分析同日及異日間準確度及精密度分析 44
表 三、空白辣椒粉添加定量極限濃度之S/N及回收率 45
表 四、FAPAS QC樣品 (T04286) 測試結果 46
表 五、以HPLC - FLD分析不同種類基質之添加回收率 47
表 六、市售產品之黃麴毒素含量調查及其資訊 48
表 七、以公告方法執行市售調查結果 50

圖目次
圖 一、不同比例溶劑對黃麴毒素萃取回收率之影響。ACN (ACETONITRILE)、MEOH (METHANOL)、ACT (ACETONE)。 51
圖 二、標準曲線中點濃度為G2 0.5 NG / ML，G1 1.0 NG / ML、B2 0.5 NG / ML，B1 1.0 NG / ML之層析圖譜。 52
圖 三、B1、B2標準曲線之線性迴歸圖。 53
圖 四、G1、G2標準曲線之線性迴歸圖。 54
圖 五、(A)空白辣椒粉，(B)空白辣椒粉添加定量極限濃度之層析圖。 55
圖 六、與官方方法比較結果，80 % ACN、80 % MEOH 使用SENSICOLUMN。 56
圖 七、(A) 使用改良方法檢出最高濃度之辣椒粉樣品 (03)，檢出濃度B1、B2分別為11.0 µG / KG、0.7 µG / KG之層析圖，(B) 使用公告方法檢出最高濃度之辣椒粉樣品 (03)，檢出濃度B1為8.0 µG / KG之層析圖。 57
圖 八、黃麴毒素標準品之質譜圖。 58
圖 九、市售產品03之質譜圖。 59

附表目次
附表 一、各國對香料產品之黃麴毒素容許量 60
附表 二、近年辣椒產品市售調查結果之統計表 61
附表 三、2008年市售辣椒粉、胡椒粉及咖哩粉檢出黃麴毒素情形 62
附表 四、2009市售香辛類食品中黃麴毒素含量檢測結果 63
附表 五、各國官方法所使用之萃取溶劑 64

附圖目次
附圖 一、辣椒生產鏈中有利於黴菌生長和毒素污染的關鍵因素。 65
附圖 二、2013 – 2019進口番椒屬之統計資料。 66
附圖 三、進口番椒屬之輸入國排名。 67

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