臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

肥胖症 (obesity) 與其衍生之相關代謝性疾病為全球重要的公共衛生議題，而難消化性麥芽糊精 (Fibersol-2) 及白腎豆萃取物 (Phase 2) 為近年來廣泛應用於體重控制及減重之機能性食品，然而其機制不明。本研究主要探討難消化性麥芽糊精與白腎豆萃取物對於攝食高脂飲食 Wistar 之大白鼠醣類及脂質代謝之影響。實驗分為五組：(1) 正常飲食組 (NC)、(2) 高脂飲食組 (HF)、(3) 高脂飲食添加 5% Phase 2 組 (P)、(4) 高脂飲食添加 5% Fibersol-2 組 (F)、(5) 高脂飲食添加 2.5% Phase 2 與 2.5% Fibersol-2 組 (PF)，實驗共進行 5 週。結果顯示，攝取含 Phase 2 的組別能顯著降低攝食量並減少體重增加。5% Phase 2 組可顯著降低血漿胰島素及 HOMA-IR 值，而不論是添加 Phase 2 或 Fibersol-2 的組別皆能降低小腸雙醣酶 maltase 活性。添加 Phase 2 或 Fibersol-2 皆能有效降低肝中三酸甘油酯含量，並減少脂質過氧化物生成，降低肝指數 AST 及ALT 活性。在脂肪組織方面，給予 Phase 2 或 Fibersol-2 的組別可顯著減少副睪脂肪三酸甘油酯含量，並提升脂肪組織脂解速率。此外給予 Phase 2 或 Fibersol-2 皆可降低血漿 IL-6、TNF-α 及 leptin 濃度。綜合以上結果，推測高脂飲食中添加 Fibersol-2 或 Phase 2 在脂質代謝上，可藉由提升脂肪組織 hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) 活性來減少脂肪囤積，亦可增加糞便三酸甘油酯及膽固醇排泄量；而醣類代謝上，能抑制小腸雙醣酶活性，降低能量之攝取，因此難消化性麥芽糊精與白腎豆萃取物具有改善肥胖及改善相關代謝疾病之潛力。

Obesity and its derivative metabolic diseases are regarded as an important global public health issue. Resistant maltodextrins (Fibersol-2) and white kidney bean extracts (Phase 2) are widely used in functional foods to reduce weight in recent years, but their mechanisms are still unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of resistant maltodextrins and white bean extracts on glucose and lipid metabolism in high fat diet rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) normal diet control (NC), (2) high fat diet (HF), (3) high fat diet with 5% Phase 2 (P), (4) high fat diet with 5% Fibersol 2 (F), (5) high fat diet with 2.5% Phase 2 and 2.5% Fibersol 2 (PF) for 5 weeks. As the results, Phase 2 can significantly reduce food intake and body weight gain. The insulin concentration and HOMA-IR index were also reduced in 5% Phase 2 group. Besides, supplemenationt of Phase2 or Fibersol 2 significantly decreased intestinal maltase activities. In the aspect of lipid metabolism, Phase 2 and Fibersol 2 could significantly decrease hapatic triglyceride content, TBARS and the AST, ALT activities were also decreased in plasma. Moreover, Phase2 or Fibersol 2 increases hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity, leading to reduce triglyceride content in epididymal adipose tissue. The plasma of IL-6, TNF-α and leptin concentrations were also decreased. Furthermore, Phase2 or Fibersol 2 increases the level of total cholesterol and triglyceride contents in feces. The results of this study suggest that resistant maltodextrins and white bean extracts have the potential to improve obesity and related metabolic diseases in rats fed a high fat diet.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
表目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 Ⅶ

第壹章、前言 1

第貳章、文獻整理 2

第一節 難消化性麥芽糊精 (resistant maltodextrin, RMD) 2
1.難消化性麥芽糊精的基本特性 2
2.難消化性麥芽糊精對於脂質代謝的影響 3
3.難消化性麥芽糊精對於醣代謝的影響 3
4.難消化性麥芽糊精對於腸道的影響 3
5.難消化性麥芽糊精的安全性 4

第二節 白腎豆萃取物 (Starch Neutralizer, Phase 2) 4
1.白腎豆萃取物 Phase 2 的來源及演化史 4
2.Phase 2 的基本特性 5
3.Phase 2 對於體重及脂質代謝的影響 5
4.Phase 2 對於醣代謝的影響 5
5.Phase 2 對於胃腸道的影響 5
6.Phase 2 的安全性 6

第三節 膳食纖維 (Dietary fiber)6
1.膳食纖維定義及分類 6
2.膳食纖維對脂質代謝的影響 7
3.膳食纖維對醣代謝的影響 7

第四節 肥胖 (Obesity) 7
1.肥胖的定義及成因 7
2.脂肪組織 8
3.肥胖與脂肪組織之相關性 9
4.脂肪細胞激素與胰島素阻抗性 9
5.脂肪組織與脂解酶之相關性 10

第五節 高脂飲食 (High-fat diet) 11
1.定義 11
2.高脂飲食對脂質代謝之影響 11

第參章、實驗動機與目的 14

第肆章、實驗設計 15

第一節 實驗分組 15

第二節 動物飼養及樣品收集 15

第三節 實驗流程 15

第四節 實驗材料 17
1. 實驗動物 17
2. 實驗飼料 17
3. 實驗儀器 17

第五節 實驗方法 18
1. 血漿分析 18
2. 肝臟分析 22
3. 脂肪組織分析 23
4. 小腸黏膜分析 24
5. 糞便分析 25
6. 統計分析25

第伍章、結果 26
一、高脂飲食實驗期間大白鼠血漿生化值之變化 26
二、實驗期間大白鼠體重、攝食量、飲水量與尿量之變化 26
三、實驗五週後大白鼠組織臟器重量之變化 27
四、大白鼠血漿生化指標濃度之變化 27
五、大白鼠血漿及肝臟 TBARS 濃度之變化 28
六、大白鼠肝臟脂質濃度之變化 28
七、大白鼠脂肪組織三酸甘油酯含量之變化 28
八、大白鼠副睪脂肪組織脂解作用之變化 29
九、大白鼠小腸雙醣酶活性之變化 29
十、大白鼠糞便重量及糞便脂質含量之變化 29
十一、大白鼠盲腸總重量及內容物之含量之變化 29

第陸章、討論 30
一、白腎豆萃取物難與消化性麥芽糊精對大白鼠體重、攝食量及組織臟器重量之影響 30
二、難消化性麥芽糊精與白腎豆萃取物對大白鼠醣類代謝之影響 31
三、難消化性麥芽糊精與白腎豆萃取物對大白鼠脂質代謝之影響 32
四、難消化性麥芽糊精與白腎豆萃取物對大白鼠肝腎功能之影響 33

第柒章、結論 35

參考文獻 36

表目錄
表一、實驗飼料組成。 50
表二、餵食不同實驗飼料2週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯及
葡萄糖濃度之變。 51
表三、餵食不同實驗飼料4週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿葡萄糖、胰島素濃度及
HOMA-IR 指標之變化。 52
表四、Wistar 大白鼠餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，體重及攝食量變化。 53
表五、Wistar 大白鼠餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，飲水量及尿量變化。 54
表六、Wistar 大白鼠餵食不同實驗飼料5週後組織臟器重量變化。 55
表七、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿脂質相關參數之變化。 56
表八、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿及肝臟 TBARS 含量之變
化。 57
表九、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿天門冬胺酸轉胺酶(AST)及丙胺酸轉胺酶(ALT)之含。 58
表十、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿腫瘤壞死因子-α、第六型介
質素及瘦體素濃度之變化。59
表十一、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠糞便重量、總膽固醇及三酸
甘油酯含量之變化。60
表十二、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠盲腸總重量及內容物之含量
變化。61

圖目錄
圖一、餵食不同實驗飼料 Wistar 大白鼠每週體重之變化。 62
圖二、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠肝臟總膽固醇及三酸甘油酯濃
度之變化。 63
圖三、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠小腸 sucrase 及 lactase 活性之變化。 64
圖四、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠小腸 maltase 活性之變化。65
圖五、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠腎周圍及副睪周圍脂肪組織三
酸甘油酯之含量變化。 66
圖六、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠副睪周圍脂肪組織脂解作用之
變化。 67
圖七、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿C-反應蛋白含量之變化。68
圖八、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿肌酸酐濃度之變化。 69
圖九、餵食不同實驗飼料5週後，Wistar 大白鼠血漿澱粉酶活性之變化。 70

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