本論文為探討高膽固醇飲食 (0.5%) 中添加幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠 (spontaneous hypertension rats, SHRs) 血壓與脂質代謝之影響。以 6 週齡雄性 SHRs 為實驗動物，依體重及血壓分成 4 組，分別為 (1) 控制組 (normal control, N)，(2) 5% 幾丁聚醣組 (5% chitosan, 5% CS)，(3) 7% 幾丁聚醣組 (7% chitosan, 7% CS)，(4) 正控制組 (captopril, C)，並以 0.5% NaCl 作為飲用水，而 captopril 給予方式為添加於食鹽水之中 (1 mg/mL)，實驗共進行 11 週。結果顯示，C 組各週的收縮壓 (systolic blood pressure, SBP) 及舒張壓 (diastolic blood pressure, DBP) 均顯著低於各組，實驗 4 週後，5%、7% CS 組 SBP 及 DBP 均顯著低於 N 組。實驗 11 週後，7% CS 可延緩 SHRs 體重增加、減少肝臟重量及脂肪重量。在血漿生化值方面，7% CS 會降低 SHRs 血糖、總膽固醇比高密度脂蛋白 (total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC/HDL-C) 之比值及增加 HDL-C 含量，並會降低血漿中介白素-6 (interlukin-6) 含量、血管收縮素轉換酵素 (angiotensin I converting enzyme, ACE) 活性、醛固酮 (aldosterone) 濃度及血管收縮素原 (angiotensinogen, AGT) 蛋白表現量，且 7% CS 組會顯著降低肝臟 TC、三酸甘油酯 (triglyceride, TG) 含量並減少脂肪酸合成酶 (fatty acid synthetase, FAS) 活性及 SHRs 脂肪組織中 TG 含量。另外，7% CS 亦會增加糞便中 TC 及 TG 含量，達到促進 SHRs 脂質代謝利用。在肝腎功能方面，captopril 會顯著提高 SHRs 血漿中丙胺酸轉胺酶 (alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 活性及增加肌酸酐 (creatinine) 含量，而幾丁聚醣會降低天門冬胺酸轉胺酶 (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 及 ALT 活性。綜合上述結果推論，幾丁聚醣可降低 SHRs 血壓並調節脂質代謝異常之情形。

This study was designed to investigate the effects of high molecular weight chitosan on reducing blood pressure and lipid metabolism in sponataneously hypertension rats (SHRs). In this study, male SHRs were divided into four groups: (1) normal control (N), (2) 5% chitosan (5% CS), (3) 7% chitosan (7% CS), (4) captopril (C, 1 mg/mL). All the rats were fed the experimental diets and drank 0.5% saline ad libitum for 11 weeks. As the results, the C group significantly lowered than other group in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). After 4 weeks, the chitosan groups significantly lowered than N group in blood pressure. In addition, 7% chitosan significantly lowered SHRs body weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight. SHRs receiving 7% chitosan showed decreased plasma glucose concentrations, total cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and increased HDL-C concentrations. Moreover, 7% chitosan significantly reduced interlukin-6 concentrations, angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity, aldosterone concentrations and the protein expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) in plasma, and decreased the hepatic lipids contents and fatty acid synthetase activity. Furthermore, 7% chitosan increased fecal TC and TG concentrations to regulate lipid metabolism in SHRs. Although captopril could increase alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and creatinine contents, 7% CS decreased AST and ALT activities. Results from this study suggested that chitosan might reduce blood pressure and regulate the lipid metabolism disorder in SHRs.

第一章、前言 1
第二章、文獻整理 2
第一節、幾丁質與幾丁聚醣 2
一、幾丁質之來源與分佈 2
二、幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之結構及特性 2
三、幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之應用 3
第二節、高血壓 5
一、高血壓的定義 5
二、高血壓的分類 5
三、血壓的調控 6
四、肥胖與高血壓 8
五、脂肪組織與血管收縮素原 9
六、高血壓的治療 9
七、自發性高血壓大白鼠 10
第三節、幾丁聚醣對脂質代謝及血壓之影響 11
一、幾丁聚醣對脂質代謝之影響 11
二、幾丁聚醣對血壓之影響 12
第三章、實驗動機與目的 13
第四章、實驗設計 14
第一節、實驗流程 14
第二節、實驗材料 15
一、幾丁聚醣 15
二、實驗動物 15
三、實驗飼料 15
第三節、實驗方法 16
一、幾丁聚醣去乙醯度及平均分子量之測定 16
一、動物分組 18
二、動物飼養及樣品收集 18
三、血壓測量 18
四、樣品分析 18
第五章、實驗結果 31
第一節、實驗期間之血壓、體重及攝食、飲水、排尿量之變化 31
一、血壓之變化 31
二、體重之變化 31
三、攝食、飲水、排尿及每日氯化鈉攝取量之變化 31
第二節、犧牲後組織臟器重量及生化指標之變化 31
一、組織重量之變化 32
二、血漿生化指標之測定結果 32
三、ACE 活性變化 33
四、肝臟生化指標之測定結果 33
五、脂質過氧化程度之變化 34
六、脂肪組織細胞數目、TG含量及細胞大小之變化 34
第三節、SHRs糞便重量及脂質含量之變化 34
第六章、討論 35
第一節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠攝食、飲水、排尿量及體重與組織臟器重量之影響 35
第二節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠血壓及RAS之影響 35
第三節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠血糖之影響 38
第四節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠脂質代謝之影響 39
第五節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠脂質過氧化作用之影響 40
第六節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠肝腎功能之影響 41
第七節、幾丁聚醣對自發性高血壓大白鼠發炎激素之影響 42
第七章、結論 43
第八章、參考文獻 44

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