臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

幾丁質奈米晶體(chitin nanocrystals, CNC)及幾丁質奈米纖維(chitin nanofibers, CNF)皆具高表面積，可應用於皮克林乳液。醬料是以水膠體穩定的水包油乳化液，CNC及CNF具有乳化的能力，故具有應用於醬料的潛力。CNC為幾丁質經酸水解處理而得，型態為短棒狀，CNF為幾丁質經超音波法處理而得，型態為纖維狀。去乙醯幾丁質奈米晶體(deacetylated chitin nanocrystals, DACNC)及去乙醯幾丁質奈米纖維(deacetylated chitin nanofiber, DACNF)為經去乙醯化處理，使胺基增加，經質子化能產生較多正電荷，因此造成靜電力的不同。本次研究欲藉由CNC、DACNC、CNF及DACNF來穩定水包油之皮克林乳液並探討其安定性。由TEM圖計算出CNC、DACNC、CNF及DACNF之平均長度為104.29±30.42、105.28±30.42、1767.36±386.38及1668.69±421.77 nm；平均直徑為15.72±2.82、16.79±3.03、14.80±3.10及16.49±3.81 nm。由FTIR圖譜計算出CNC、DACNC、CNF及DACNF的去乙醯度分別為29.94±0.96%、45.14±1.56%、25.51±1.63%及41.62±1.81%。在不同濃度(0.6-1.0 mg/mL)下製造之皮克林乳液，隨著濃度上升CNC、DACNC、CNF及DACNF之皮克林乳液安定性皆有上升，顯示濃度上升皆有穩定皮克林乳液的作用。在不同pH (3-6.5)及NaCl濃度(0-0.1 M)下製造之皮克林乳液，隨著pH和NaCl濃度的上升CNC、DACNC及DACNF之皮克林乳液安定性上升，CNF則反之，推測CNF在高pH值和高NaCl濃度下容易聚集纏繞，故不易於形成皮克林乳液。經6周不同溫度的儲藏幾丁質奈米材料在低溫(4 °C)及常溫(25 °C)有良好的穩定性且外觀大部分無明顯變化，在高溫(40 °C)下，因溫度較高，使乳液上的堆疊固體顆粒脫離，導致乳液液滴的表面不再被固體顆粒覆蓋，並且液滴開始聚集，造成造成乳液不穩定，並產生脫油的現象，說明了乳液在此環境下不安定。

Chitin nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanofibers (CNFs) have the advantages of high surface area, which can be applied to Pickering emulsions. Hydrocolloids can stabilize oil-in-water emulsions of dressing, and both of them have raised Pickering emulsion abilities. CNC were prepared by acid hydrolysis of chitin and it exhibited rod-like behavior. CNF were prepared by ultrasound treatment through chitin and it exhibited fiber-like behavior. Deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (DACNCs) and deacetylated chitin nanofibers (DACNFs) made amine group expose and become more positively charge, which had been raised electrostatic repulsion. The aim of this study is to know the stabilization of CNC, DACNC, CNF and DACNF in oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. Calculated by TEM, the average length of CNC, DACNC, CNF and DACNF was 104.29±30.42, 105.28±30.42, 1767.36±386.38 and 1668.69±421.77 nm ; the average diameter of CNC, DACNC, CNF and DACNF was 15.72±2.82, 16.79±3.03, 14.80±3.10 and 16.49±3.81 nm. Calculated by FTIR, the deacetylation degree of CNC, DACNC, CNF and DACNF was 29.94±0.96%, 45.14±1.56%, 25.51±1.63% and 41.62±1.81%. The increase of the concentration (0.6-1.0 mg/mL) CNC, DACNC, CNF and DACNF-stabilized O/W emulsion would improve stabilization in Pickering emulsions. The increase of pH values (3-6.5) and NaCl concentration (0-0.1 M) of CNC, DACNC and DACNF-stabilized O/W emulsion would improve stabilization in Pickering emulsions. But increase of pH values (3-6.5) and NaCl concentration (0-0.1 M) of CNF-stabilized O/W emulsion would reduce stabilization in Pickering emulsions, because high pH value and NaCl concentration made CNF twine in dispersion, so it not good for Pickering emulsions. After 6 weeks of storage at different temperatures, chitin nanomaterials have good stability at low temperature (4 °C) and normal temperature (25 °C), and most of the appearance has no obvious change, but at high temperature (40 °C) detach the stacked solid particles from the emulsion, resulting in the surface of the emulsion droplet being no longer covered by solid particles, which promotes the collision and coalescence of droplets, and causes oiling off, which shows that the emulsion is not stable in this environment.

摘要 II
Abstract III
表次 VI
圖次 VII
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 2
2.1. 幾丁質 2
2.2. 幾丁質特性及應用 2
2.3. 部分去乙醯幾丁質 2
2.4. 幾丁質奈米材料結構 3
2.5. 幾丁質奈米晶體特性及應用 3
2.6. 幾丁質奈米纖維特性及應用 3
2.7. 皮克林乳液 4
2.8. 幾丁質奈米材料穩定皮克林乳液之不同領域的應用 5
2.9. 影響乳液安定性因子 6
2.10. 形成穩定的幾丁質奈米材料之皮克林乳液的製備條件 7
三、實驗材料 9
3.1. 實驗材料 9
3.2. 實驗藥品 9
3.3. 儀器設備 9
四、實驗架構 11
五、實驗方法 13
5.1. 樣品前處理 13
5.2. 幾丁質的製備 13
5.3. 部分去乙醯化幾丁質製備 13
5.4. 幾丁質奈米纖維及部分去乙醯化幾丁質奈米纖維製備 13
5.5. 幾丁質奈米纖維之產率 13
5.6. 幾丁質奈米晶體及部分去乙醯化幾丁質奈米晶體製備 14
5.7. 幾丁質奈米晶體之產率 14
5.8. 物化特性分析 14
5.8.1. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀 14
5.8.2. 穿透式電子顯微鏡 15
5.8.3. 結晶度測定 15
5.9. 幾丁質奈米材料穩定的皮克林乳液之製備 15
5.10. 不同條件下皮克林乳液之安定性試驗 16
5.10.1. 乳化指標 16
5.10.2. 離心後乳化相及油相分析 16
5.10.3. 粒徑分析 16
5.11. 不同儲存溫度皮克林乳液之安定性試驗 16
5.11.1. 低溫恆溫試驗 16
5.11.2. 常溫恆溫試驗 16
5.11.3. 高溫恆溫試驗 17
5.12. 統計分析 17
六、結果與討論 18
6.1. 幾丁質奈米材料之基本分析 18
6.1.1. 官能基團分析及去乙醯度 18
6.1.2. 結晶度 18
6.1.3. 型態與直徑長度分布 19
6.2. 不同條件下幾丁質奈米材料製成皮克林乳液之安定性 19
6.2.1. 不同濃度幾丁質奈米晶體與乙醯幾丁質奈米晶體組 19
6.2.2. 不同pH的幾丁質奈米晶體與乙醯幾丁質奈米晶體組 20
6.2.3. 不同NaCl濃度的幾丁質奈米晶體與乙醯幾丁質奈米晶體組 21
6.2.4. 不同濃度的幾丁質奈米纖維與乙醯幾丁質奈米纖維組 21
6.2.5. 不同pH的幾丁質奈米纖維與乙醯幾丁質奈米纖維組 22
6.2.6. 不同NaCl濃度的幾丁質奈米纖維與乙醯幾丁質奈米纖維組 23
6.3. 不同儲存溫度下幾丁質奈米材料製成皮克林乳液之安定性 24
6.3.1. 低溫(4 °C)儲存 24
6.3.2. 常溫(25 °C)儲存 24
6.3.3. 高溫(40 °C)儲存 25
七、結論 27
八、參考文獻 28
九、表 35
十、圖 39
十一、附錄 85

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