天然深共熔溶劑(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADES)是由天然代謝物組成，具生物降解性、可持續性和製備成本低等優勢。本研究透過NADES製備蝦殼中的幾丁質，利用不同莫耳數比反應溫度、固液比，與化學法製備之幾丁質(AA)做比較，探討每種NADES製備幾丁質的最適條件，並進行超音波輔助處理、以及結合氣爆膨發蝦殼，使原料多孔化，以提升反應速率，以期達成快速高效的綠色方法來進行商業化生產幾丁質。結果顯示氯化膽鹼/乳酸(CL)莫耳數比1:1，溫度100 ℃，固液比1:10為最佳條件，純度41.14%，產率33.62%。氯化膽鹼/蘋果酸(CM)莫耳數比2:1，溫度80 ℃，固液比1:5為最佳條件，純度38.47%，產率35.21%。氯化膽鹼/檸檬酸(CC)莫耳數比1:2，溫度100 ℃，固液比1:10為最佳條件，純度43.09%，產率27.29%。氯化膽鹼/草酸(CO)與蝦殼反應會生成草酸鈣，氯化膽鹼/尿素(CU)和氯化膽鹼/甘油(CG)製備效果較差，FTIR圖譜與蝦殼相似。經KMnO4/Oxalic acid脫色後CL、CM、CC的純度提高至90.02%、91.05%、89.63%，與AA純度97.09%相近，且結晶度提升，代表脫色可去除雜質。NADES結合超音波輔助處理製備幾丁質與一般加熱法相比，其產率和純度無明顯差異，但可大幅縮短反應時間，從120 min下降至30 min。其中300U28-CM90的產率最高為36.90%，200U28-CM60純度最高為39.72%，與一般加熱法相比的能源消耗分別減少68%和86%。膨發後蝦殼(EPSH)會形成多孔化結構，可提高脫礦物質和蛋白質效率，製備得到的幾丁質產率約為22%，純度提升至71.86%-73.52%。綜上所述，本研究從蝦殼廢棄物利用NADES結合超音波輔助處理和經膨發後蝦殼製備幾丁質是一種具前途、綠色、有效的方法。

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are composed of natural metabolites and have the advantages of biodegradability, sustainability, and low preparation cost. The chitin is prepared from shrimp shells at different temperature and solid-liquid ratio using different composition with different molar ratios of NADES, and compare with chemically prepared chitin and investigate the optimum preparation conditions for each type of NADES. It is then combined with ultrasonic assisted method and explosive puffing making the shrimp shell porous to increase the reaction rate, achieve a fast and efficient green method for commercial production of chitin. The results showed that optimum preparation conditions using choline chloride/lactic acid (CL) are molar ratio of 1:1, temperature of 100 ℃ and solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 which can prepare chitin with a purity of 41.14% and yield of 33.62%. The optimum preparation conditions of choline chloride/malic acid (CM) are molar ratio of 2:1, temperature of 80 ℃ and solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 which can prepare chitin with a purity of 38.47% and yield of 35.21%. The optimum preparation conditions of choline chloride/citric acid (CC) are molar ratio of 1:2, temperature of 100 ℃ and solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 which can prepare chitin with a purity of 43.09% and yield of 27.29%. Choline chloride/oxalic acid (CO) can react with shrimp shell to form calcium oxalate, while choline chloride/urea (CU) and choline chloride/glycerol (CG) were less effective for preparation because both FTIR spectra were similar to shrimp shell. The purity of CL, CM and CC increased to 90.02%, 91.05% and 89.63% respectively after decolorization with KMnO4/Oxalic acid, which was similar to the purity of acid/alkali-prepared chitin (AA) which is 97.09%. The crystallinity also increases, which means that decolorization could effectively remove impurities. Compared with the general heating method, the yield and purity of chitin prepared by NADES combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment were not significantly different, but the reaction time could be greatly shortened from 120 min to 30 min. The yield of 300U28-CM90 is the highest which is 36.90%, while the highest purity of 200U28-CM60 is 39.72%. Compared with the general heating method, the energy consumption is reduced by 68% and 86% respectively. The explosive puffing shrimp shell (EPSH) has a porous structure, which can improve demineralization and deproteinization efficiency, the yield of chitin is about 22% and the purity greatly increased to 71.86%-73.52%. In summary, using NADES combined with ultrasonic-assisted treatment and explosive puffing pretreatment of shrimp shells which is a promising, green and effective method to prepare chitin from shrimp shell waste.

摘要 I
Abstract II
代號表 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章、前言 1
第二章、文獻回顧 3
2.1. 幾丁質的特性及應用 3
2.2. 傳統之幾丁質製備方法 3
2.2.1. 化學法 4
2.2.2. 生物法 4
2.3. 綠色化學 4
2.4. 深共熔溶劑(deep eutectic solvents, DES) 4
2.4.1. DES的介紹 4
2.4.2. DES的類型 5
2.4.3. DES之特性 5
2.4.4. DES之應用 6
2.5. 天然深共熔溶劑(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADES) 6
2.6. DES製備幾丁質 6
2.6.1. DES製備幾丁質之機制 6
2.6.2. DES製備幾丁質之條件 7
2.7. 原料多孔化-氣爆膨發 9
2.8. 結合超音波輔助處理提升NADES製備幾丁質之效率 10
第三章、實驗架構 12
第四章、材料與儀器 13
4.1. 實驗材料 13
4.2. 藥品 13
4.3. 儀器設備 14
第五章、實驗方法 15
5.1. 原料前處理 15
5.2. 原料多孔化-氣爆膨發蝦殼 15
5.3. NADES的製備 15
5.4. NADES製備幾丁質 15
5.4.1. 一般加熱法製備幾丁質 15
5.4.2. 脫色條件 16
5.4.3. 超音波輔助處理製備幾丁質 16
5.4.4.多孔化蝦殼製備幾丁質 16
5.4.5. 化學法製備幾丁質 17
5.5. 幾丁質純度測定 17
5.6. 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)化學結構及去乙醯程度之分析 17
5.7. X光射線繞射儀(XRD)分析 18
5.8. 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)的觀察 18
5.9. 色差儀 18
5.10. 統計分析 19
第六章、結果與討論 20
6.1. NADES製備粗幾丁質之產率 20
6.2. 不同NADES製備幾丁質之最佳莫耳數比 20
6.2.1. 氯化膽鹼/乳酸(CL) 20
6.2.1.1. FTIR分析 20
6.2.1.2. 純度分析和產率 20
6.2.2. 氯化膽鹼/蘋果酸(CM) 21
6.2.2.1. FTIR分析 21
6.2.2.2. 純度分析和產率 21
6.2.3. 氯化膽鹼/檸檬酸(CC) 21
6.2.3.1. FTIR分析 21
6.2.3.2. 純度分析和產率 22
6.2.4. 氯化膽鹼/草酸(CO) 22
6.2.5. 氯化膽鹼/尿素(CU)、氯化膽鹼/甘油(CG) 22
6.2.5.1. FTIR分析 22
6.2.5.2. 純度分析 23
6.3. 脫色條件篩選 23
6.3.1. 色差分析 23
6.3.2. 純度分析 23
6.4. 不同NADES製備之粗幾丁質之最佳溫度 24
6.4.1. FTIR分析 24
6.4.2. 純度分析和產率 24
6.5. 不同NADES製備之粗幾丁質之最佳固液比 25
6.5.1. FTIR分析 25
6.5.2. 純度分析和產率 25
6.6. NADES最佳條件製備之粗幾丁質之脫色前後差異 26
6.6.1. 色差分析 26
6.6.2. 微觀結構(SEM)分析 26
6.6.3. FTIR分析 27
6.6.4. XRD分析 27
6.6.5. 純度分析和產率 28
6.7. 超音波輔助處理與一般加熱法製備的粗幾丁質之性質分析比較 28
6.7.1. 純度分析和產率 28
6.7.2. 微觀結構(SEM)分析 29
6.7.3. FTIR分析 30
6.7.4. XRD分析 30
6.8. 蝦殼膨發多孔化 30
6.8.1. 微觀結構(SEM)分析 30
6.8.2. XRD分析 31
6.9. 氣爆膨發蝦殼與一般加熱法製備之粗幾丁質之性質分析比較 31
6.9.1. 微觀結構(SEM)分析 31
6.9.2. FTIR分析 31
6.9.3. 純度分析和產率 32
第七章、結論 33
第八章、參考文獻 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。
第九章、圖 34
第十章、表 65
附錄 83

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